Hysteroscopy is a modern minimally invasive endoscopic gynecological examination, which is used to examine the inner surface of the uterus: the endometrium, the mucous membrane of the cervical canal and the tubal angles. A thin and flexible instrument with a video camera at the end (hysteroscope), which is inserted through the vagina and cervix, allows real-time assessment of changes in the endometrium and diagnosis of nodes, polyps and adhesions.
Indications for hysteroscopy:
- pain during menstruation, dysmenorrhea;
- amenorrhea, absence of menstrual flow;
- long and painful menstruation with prolonged spotting;
- painful sensations during sexual intercourse;
- infertility and miscarriage;
- early menopause and bleeding during menopause.
The advantages of diagnostic hysteroscopy include diagnostic accuracy, minimal impact on the patient’s body, and the ability to perform additional procedures in the same session. The doctor can prescribe a hysteroscopic examination after diagnosis and initial examination of the patient if there are symptoms and suspicions of a disease that requires a more complete diagnosis.
There are two main types of hysteroscopy: diagnostic and operative.