Diaphragmatic hernia

The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscular structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It consists of two main parts: the central section is composed of smooth muscle, while the peripheral section is made up of striated muscle fibers. Numerous openings in the diaphragm allow essential vessels, nerves, and the esophagus to pass through.

The primary function of the diaphragm is to facilitate breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity’s volume increases, reducing pressure in the lungs and enabling air to flow in. Additionally, the diaphragm plays a significant role in coughing, vomiting, sound production, and maintaining stable blood pressure by ensuring oxygen supply to the heart and other organs.

Any dysfunction of the diaphragm, such as a diaphragmatic hernia, can have serious consequences for overall health. This condition occurs when abdominal organs shift into the chest cavity, potentially leading to chronic respiratory issues. Diaphragmatic hernias can be congenital or acquired, with symptoms varying depending on the severity of the condition.

There are several types of diaphragmatic hernias, classified by location and clinical presentation:

1. Hiatal hernia: The stomach and part of the esophagus move upward through the diaphragm’s esophageal opening. This type often causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
2. Paraesophageal hernia: Part of the stomach shifts into the chest cavity while remaining adjacent to the esophagus.
3. Mixed hernia: A combination of both hiatal and paraesophageal hernia features, making diagnosis and treatment more challenging.

Congenital hernias usually arise from developmental issues during pregnancy and can be detected in newborns.

The primary cause of this condition is the weakening of the diaphragm’s muscles, which may occur due to aging or other factors. Increased pressure in the abdominal cavity is another significant risk factor. This pressure can result from:

• Excess body weight or obesity.
• Pregnancy, as the growing abdomen puts pressure on the diaphragm.
• Heavy physical exertion or frequent lifting of heavy objects.
• Surgeries involving the abdominal or chest cavities.
• Genetic predisposition to diaphragmatic hernias.
• A sedentary lifestyle and poor diet, which can lead to muscle weakness and weight gain.

Aging is another contributing factor, as tissues lose elasticity and strength over time. Women are generally at higher risk due to hormonal differences. Chronic illnesses associated with prolonged coughing, such as bronchitis, also increase pressure on the diaphragm, raising the risk of hernias.

To diagnose diaphragmatic hernias, medical professionals use advanced equipment and various techniques, including:

1. Ultrasound: A non-invasive method for visualizing organs in the chest and abdominal cavities.
2. X-rays with contrast solution: These provide a clear view of organ positioning and help detect hernias.
3. Gastroscopy: This procedure examines the inner lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to identify inflammation or structural abnormalities.

Accurate interpretation of test results is crucial for developing an effective treatment plan.

Treatment options depend on the severity of the hernia and can include either conservative or surgical approaches.

Conservative treatment may involve:

1. Adjustments to diet and eating habits.
2. Avoiding heavy physical activity.
3. Medications to relieve symptoms of reflux and heartburn.

Surgical treatment is recommended for severe cases that significantly affect quality of life or cause complications. Surgical procedures may include:

1. Repositioning displaced organs to their correct location.
2. Repairing the diaphragm.
3. Placing a mesh implant to prevent hernia recurrence.

Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is often preferred due to its lower trauma and faster recovery time.

If you experience symptoms consistent with a diaphragmatic hernia, don’t delay a visit to “New Life” Medical Center. Our team of specialists, including doctors with advanced degrees, utilizes state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment methods.

You can schedule an appointment:

• By phone.
• Through the online form on our website.
• Via messaging apps.

Our in-house diagnostic department allows us to identify problems at an early stage and prevent complications. Contact us today — we’re here to take care of your health!