Paraproctitis

Paraproctitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the tissues around the rectum. It occurs due to an infection in the anal canal, which can lead to blockage of sebaceous or anal glands, resulting in the formation of a purulent process. Seeking medical attention in a timely manner is crucial, as paraproctitis can lead to the development of an abscess or progress into a chronic form that requires surgical intervention.

Treatment typically includes antibiotics, pain relief medications, and, if necessary, surgery to drain the infection. Proper hygiene and prompt medical care help prevent complications.

This condition is often overlooked because many patients do not associate their symptoms with a proctological issue. Delayed medical attention prolongs the course of the disease and increases the number of emergency surgical procedures.

The disease is usually caused by an infection triggered by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobic flora. These bacteria penetrate the fatty tissues surrounding the rectum through microtraumas or cracks in the mucous membrane. Such injuries can result from:

• Passing hard stool;
• Chronic diarrhea;
• Hemorrhoids, where ruptured nodes create open wounds that allow infection to enter.

Other contributing factors include:

• Blockage of anal gland ducts;
• Intestinal injuries;
• Weakened immune system;
• Diabetes mellitus;
• Poor hygiene;
• Proctitis (inflammation of the rectal mucosa).

Skin and mucosal damage weakens the natural barrier, allowing bacteria to invade soft tissues. While paraproctitis is most common in adults, it can also develop in children due to congenital abnormalities of anal glands, intestinal dysbiosis, or weakened immunity.

Paraproctitis can present as either an acute or chronic condition. The acute form is the initial manifestation of the disease. Depending on the location of the inflammation, several types are identified:

1. Subcutaneous (pararectal). The most common type, affecting the subcutaneous tissue around the anus. This form responds well to treatment.
2. Intersphincteric. Inflammation occurs within the tissues and muscles of the anal sphincter.
3. Ischiorectal. Affects the ischiorectal fossa tissues.
4. Pelviorectal. Involves the pelvic cavity.

Chronic paraproctitis typically develops due to improper or delayed treatment of the acute form. In such cases, inflammation affects the Morgagni crypts and the fat tissue surrounding the colon.

The initial symptoms may be mild, such as a slight increase in body temperature (up to 37.5°C) and itching around the anal area. Because of this, paraproctitis can be mistaken for early-stage hemorrhoids. However, as the disease progresses, the symptoms become more pronounced:

• Fever reaching 38°C or higher;
• Sharp pain in the anal area;
• Loss of appetite;
• Chills;
• Overall deterioration of well-being.

The symptoms vary depending on the type of paraproctitis. In subcutaneous paraproctitis, the tissues around the anal ring become inflamed, leading to swelling and severe pain upon palpation. Other forms may cause constipation, false urges to defecate, pain during urination and bowel movements, and discomfort in the lower abdomen.

Chronic paraproctitis is characterized by the formation of fistulas—abnormal channels connecting the colon to the skin surface or other organs. These fistulas heal slowly, releasing foul-smelling pus, which can lead to recurrent infections.

Treatment depends on the form of the disease. The primary goal of treating acute paraproctitis is to eliminate the inflammatory process. Surgery is performed to open the abscess, drain the infection, and cleanse the affected tissues. Antibiotic therapy is essential to combat bacterial infection and reduce inflammation. If treatment is started promptly, the prognosis is favorable, but without proper therapy, acute paraproctitis can lead to sepsis.

Chronic paraproctitis requires a comprehensive approach. Treatment includes regular fistula cleansing, antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention to remove affected tissues and restore normal rectal function. If left untreated, the chronic form can lead to severe complications, such as bloodstream infections, tissue necrosis, anal canal deformation, and even the development of malignant tumors.

The New Life Medical Center provides premium-quality healthcare, combining innovative diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation methods with top-level service and medical expertise. Our clinic offers a comprehensive approach to patient care, featuring specialists in proctology, surgery, neurology, gynecology, urology, and more. Our services include initial examinations, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Key advantages of our clinic:

• Personalized treatment plans for each patient;
• State-of-the-art diagnostic equipment for accurate assessments;
• High-standard anesthesia for patient safety;
• A comfortable, stress-free environment with no hospital queues;
• 24/7 availability and security.

At New Life, we provide high-quality medical care tailored to individual patient needs. We collaborate with international specialists and medical institutions to offer the best possible treatments for paraproctitis and other conditions. Our doctors consult with leading foreign experts, adhere to international medical standards, and apply innovative solutions even in complex cases.

Appointments can be scheduled via our website, phone, or messaging apps (Viber).