Modern diagnostics for female infertility begin with a detailed consultation with a gynecologist and taking a thorough medical history. At this stage, it is important to understand the characteristics of the menstrual cycle, any chronic conditions, and past infections.
A comprehensive set of laboratory tests is then ordered, including blood tests for hormones, infections, and markers of inflammation. An essential step is an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, which helps assess the condition of the ovaries, uterus, and endometrium.
More specialized diagnostic methods are also employed:
- Hysterosalpingography, a type of X-ray examination of the fallopian tubes and uterine cavity
- Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure that allows for visual evaluation of the pelvic organs
- Ovulation tests, which help determine whether eggs are being released regularly
Advanced diagnostic tools allow healthcare providers to identify the cause of infertility in most cases and create an effective treatment plan. In some situations, consultations with additional specialists may be required if systemic factors are contributing to infertility.