Anterior abdominal wall hernia

A hernia is a pathological condition in which internal organs or tissues protrude beyond their normal anatomical location. Hernias are classified based on several criteria: location, size, and type of contents. The primary types include ventral (anterior abdominal wall), umbilical, inguinal, and diaphragmatic hernias. Depending on the size of the protrusion, hernias are categorized as small, medium, or large. Larger hernias often require surgical intervention. The contents of the hernia can vary, including fat tissue or intestinal loops. In severe cases, the hernia may contain organs, which can become trapped, leading to serious complications.

Abdominal wall hernias manifest as bulges of varying shapes and sizes in the abdominal area. The contents may sometimes be pushed back into the abdominal cavity, but in cases of tissue strangulation or compromised blood flow, urgent medical intervention is necessary.

Excess body weight is one of the leading causes of hernias, as it increases pressure on the abdominal wall. Other contributing factors include:

• Significant physical exertion, such as heavy lifting or overstraining, which increases intra-abdominal pressure.
• Weakening of connective tissues, often associated with a loss of elasticity.
• Chronic conditions like persistent coughing, constipation, or inflammatory diseases, which contribute to the development of hernias.
• Physiological changes in women during pregnancy. As the abdomen enlarges, the muscles of the abdominal wall weaken.

Additional risk factors include genetic predisposition, prior abdominal surgeries, smoking (which impairs blood circulation and healing processes), and advancing age.

Without proper treatment, hernias can lead to significant complications. The most common is strangulation, where organs or tissues are trapped in the hernia sac, cutting off blood supply and causing necrosis. Other complications include:

• Intestinal perforation due to intense compression, which can result in peritonitis and shock.
• Development of infections, leading to inflammation or abscesses in the affected area.

Some patients may experience chronic pain even after treatment due to nerve damage or incomplete tissue healing.

Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination, during which a doctor assesses the bulge for size and tenderness. Additional diagnostic methods include:

1. Ultrasound imaging to visualize the hernia’s contents and surrounding tissues.
2. Computed tomography (CT) for detailed imaging of internal structures.
3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect potential complications.

Laboratory tests, while not specific to hernias, help evaluate the patient’s overall health and are essential when planning for surgery.

The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the condition and the patient’s overall health. In some cases, especially with smaller hernias and no complications, conservative therapy may be an option, including:

• Adjusting physical activity levels.
• Using a specialized supportive bandage.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.

Postoperative rehabilitation includes following medical advice regarding physical activity and diet to prevent recurrence.

At the New Life Medical Center, we offer advanced diagnosis and effective treatment of hernias.

Schedule an appointment online or call the number listed on our website. Entrust your health to experienced professionals.